What is the typical lifespan of a lithium battery box
Sep 05, 2025
The service life of lithium battery packs is not a fixed value, but is influenced by four core factors: battery type, usage mode, environmental conditions, and maintenance level. It is usually measured by "cycle life" or "actual service life". The range of service life varies greatly in different scenarios. The specific analysis is as follows:
|
Influencing factors |
Specific manifestations |
The impact on lifespan |
|
Battery Type |
The mainstream are ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries; A small amount is lead-acid battery |
Lithium iron phosphate batteries have a longer cycle life, followed by ternary lithium batteries, and lead-acid batteries have the shortest cycle life |
|
Depth of Charge and Discharge (DOD) |
The consumption ratio of battery capacity during each use |
The lower the DOD, the longer the lifespan; Long term deep discharge (such as DOD ≥ 80%) will accelerate cell decay |
|
Charge and discharge current (rate) |
The ratio of charging/discharging current to the rated capacity of the battery |
The lower the magnification, the more friendly it is: long-term high current charging and discharging can lead to increased heating of the battery cell |
|
Operating Temperature |
The actual operating ambient temperature of the battery |
The risk of thermal runaway of battery cells increases due to excessively high temperatures, leading to a sudden reduction in lifespan; Long term low-temperature charging can damage the battery cells |
|
Maintenance frequency |
Daily inspection, cleaning, BMS system calibration and other maintenance operations |
Regular maintenance can promptly identify potential hazards and prevent accelerated degradation due to poor contact, obstructed heat dissipation, and other issues |
The lifespan of lithium battery packs needs to be determined based on specific application scenarios. The following are typical lifespan references for common scenarios:
1. Home energy storage/small UPS scenarios
Usage characteristics: Low charging and discharging frequency, DOD mostly ranging from 30% to 60%, relatively stable operating temperature
Theoretical cycle life: 1500-2000 cycles
Actual service life: 6-10 years
2. Industrial and commercial energy storage/large-scale UPS scenarios (such as 30kWh-50kWh lithium battery packs)
Usage characteristics: High charging and discharging frequency, DOD mostly ranging from 50% to 70%, and significant temperature fluctuations in some outdoor installation scenarios.
Theoretical cycle life: 1200-1800 cycles.
Actual service life: 4-8 years.
3. Portable emergency scenarios (such as portable lithium battery cases)
Usage characteristics: The charging and discharging frequency is unstable, but occasional high current discharge occurs, and the storage environment is variable.
Theoretical cycle life: 800-1500 cycles.
Actual service life: 3-5 years.
4. Scene of lead-acid battery paired with lithium battery box
Usage characteristics: Lead acid battery cells have a short lifespan, are prone to sulfurization during charge and discharge cycles, and are more sensitive to deep discharge.
Theoretical cycle life: 300-500 cycles.
Actual service life: 1.5-3 years.
